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Cái gì nối vòng tay lớn, những tiểu thuyết gia lớn lao này, vượt ra khỏi biên cương, bờ luỹ, xứ sở, quốc gia của họ? Hai điều thiết yếu, cơ bản của tiểu thuyết ... và xã hội. Sự tưởng tượng và ngôn ngữ. Chúng trả lời câu hỏi về điều phân biệt tiểu thuyết với báo chí, khoa học, chính trị, kinh tế và ngay cả với điều tra triết học. Chúng đem “thực tại chữ”, tới cho cái phần thế giới chưa được viết ra. Và chúng cùng chia sẻ nỗi sợ khẩn thiết của tất cả những tác giả văn chương: Nếu ta, một thằng như thằng cha GCC, thí dụ, đếch viết "từ" đó, thí dụ, Cái Ác Bắc Kít, lên trang Tin Văn, là sẽ đếch có thằng chó nào khác, viết! Nếu GCC không thốt ra "từ" đó, lời đó, thế giới sẽ rơi vào câm lặng (hay là vào tầm phào, ngồi lê đôi mách, và giận dữ). Và 1 "từ" không viết ra, kết án tất cả chúng ta chết câm nín, và bất bình, đếch hài lòng. Chỉ có cái gì nói ra thì thiêng liêng, đếch nói đếch thiêng. Bằng cái việc nói điều gì đó, tiểu thuyết làm cho thấy, khía cạnh không thấy, của thực tại của chúng ta. Và nó làm như vậy theo một cách thức hoàn toàn không thể tiên đoán được, bằng những tiêu chuẩn hiện thực hay tâm lý, của quá khứ. Sửdụng "tới chỉ", cách thức, phương pháp, của Bakhtin, tiểu thuyết gia sử dụng giả tưởng như là 1 đấu trường, và những nhân vật xuất hiện, trang bị đủ thứ khí giới, nào ngôn ngữ, nào luật ứng xử…. mở rộng mảnh đất, nơi con người hiện diện trong lịch sử. Tiểu thuyết sau cùng làm cho trở thành thích ứng, chiếm hữu cái điều mà trước đó, nó không là: báo chí, triết học…
        Vì lý do đó, tiểu thuyết còn quá cả cái điều mà người ta thường nghĩ về nó: phản chiếu thực tại. Nó tạo ra một thực tại mới, một thực tại chưa hiện hữu, trước đó, và nếu không có nó, chúng ta không thể nào tưởng tượng thực tại, như chúng ta biết nó. Và như thế, tiểu thuyết tạo ra một kiểu, một thứ thời gian cho độc giả. Quá khứ được giải cứu ra khỏi những viện bảo tàng, và tương lai trở thành một hứa hẹn ý thức hệ không thể nắm bắt được. Trong tiểu thuyết, quá khứ trở thành hồi ức, và tương lai, ham muốn, ước ao, thèm thuồng. Tuy nhiên, cả hai xẩy ra trong bây giờ, trong thời hiện tại của người đọc, đọc, thì bèn nhớ và bèn thèm. Hôm nay, Don Quixote lên đường chiến đấu với mấy cái cối say gió, như là những thằng khổng lồ. Hôm nay, Emma Bovary sẽ đi vô phòng bào chế Homais. Hôm nay, Leopold Bloom sẽ sống hết một ngày đơn độc của tháng Sáu ở thành phố Dublin. William Faulkner, cực bảnh, khi phán, thời gian thì không phải là tiến trình, tiếp tục, tiếp nối, nó là khoảnh khắc: "Làm đếch gì có ngày hôm qua, ngày mai, chỉ có khoảnh khắc, tất cả chỉ là khoảng khắc, lúc này, bi giờ."

Nếu gọi tên hai nhà văn Pháp, một trong quá khứ  một ở hiện tại, mà chị ngưỡng mộ hoặc đồng cảm thì đó là ai ? Chị muốn nhìn thấy nhà văn Pháp nào hoặc tiểu thuyết Pháp nào được dịch ở Việt Nam ?

Camus - ngắn gọn, chính xác và bình thản. Houellebecq - sắc sảo, hài hước và khiêu khích. Với tôi, đó là hai cách thể hiện độc đáo cho cùng một đề tài không ngừng được khai thác trong văn chương - sự phi lý của nhân gian.
Nếu các tác phẩm của hai tác giả này được dịch và giới thiệu một cách nghiêm túc và có hệ thống, tôi tin rằng đó sẽ là món quà đẹp cho độc giả Việt Nam.
Blog GM

Camus là tác giả của thời mới lớn của Gấu, và của những người cùng tuổi Gấu, và, có thể dùng 1 câu của ông, để diễn tả cái thời đó, với 1 chút thay đổi:
Tôi lớn lên cùng với những người cùng tuổi tôi, trong tiếng trống trận Đệ Nhất Thế Chiến, và lịch sử, từ đó, không ngừng chỉ là bất công, bạo lực và sát nhân.
Cái thời của ông là hậu chiến. Thời của Gấu là thời đợi cuộc chiến gọi tên. Ông là tác giả rất được đám Miền Nam say mê, và cũng đã được giới thiệu khá đầy đủ.
Món quà đẹp cho độc giả Việt Nam, nào?
Thứ độc giả biến thành nạn nhân, của “bất công bạo lực và sát nhân” do VC gây nên?

Bữa trước, đọc SCN, thấy khoe, hai tác giả gối mông [từ này là của em NT] là Nabokov và Kafka, GCC đã sững sờ, một ông thiện và một ông ác, cùng tranh mông của 1 em Mít.
Bây giờ Camus và Houellebecq lại tranh nhau mông của 1 em Bắc Kít khác!

Camus thì cả nhân loại quí, và...  chịu. Còn ông Houellebecp, đến mẹ của ông ta cũng không chịu nổi, chính thằng con của bà, vậy mà cùng tranh tí mông Mít, sao?

Vả chăng, cái mà Camus thù nhất, là đặc quyền, của đám khốn kiếp, tư bản, CS, hay bất cứ ai. Em Mít này, khi còn bé, cũng thuộc cái sân gà vịt của đám con ông cháu cha ở thủ đô Hà Nội. [Xin coi bài viết của cái tay NG, của Đài Bi Bì Xèo, thì biết về cái sân chơi này]. Lớn lên thì đi Tây, đi Mỹ, vậy mà mê Camus, sao?
Quái đản thật!

Ngắn, gọn, chính xác, và bình thản!

Camus 100

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TV sẽ chuyển ngữ bài viết “Trở về Tipsapa: Return to Tipasa”.  (a)
Bản tiếng Anh có thêm đề từ:

Return to Tipasa

'You have navigated with raging soul far from the
paternal home, passing beyond the sea's double
rocks, and you now inhabit a foreign land'
- Medea
Mi bơi, với linh hồn giận dữ đến phát khùng, xa tít khỏi xứ Mít, quá cả Hai Hòn Bi của Biển, và bi giờ mi ở Xứ Người

Noces, thì đã được ông Tẩy mũi tẹt TTD chuyển qua tiếng Mít là Giao Cảm.


August 12, 2013
The Life of the Artist: A Mimodrama in Two Parts (1)
Posted by Albert Camus

Translator’s note:

“La Vie d’Artiste,” originally published in a small Algerian journal in February, 1953, was recently collected in the fourth and final volume of the Pléiade edition of Albert Camus’s complete works. The play, now printed as an appendix to the short story collection “Exile and the Kingdom,” stands out as the only of Camus’s works in which the written words were not intended to be seen or heard by an audience. Unlike his other plays, “La Vie d’Artiste” contains no dialogue; the text of the mime, or “mimodrame,” as Camus called it, is made up entirely of actions and directions. Composed in a clipped, elliptical style, and alternating between humor and horror, the play, appearing in English here for the first time, poses the question: How is one to be a pure, authentic artist and live in a world that corrupts and destroys purity?
This question is also at the center of Camus’s later, better-known short story “Jonas, or The Artist at Work,” included in the same collection. While the two pieces have similar themes, “La Vie d’Artiste” is distinctly bleak in a way the later work is not. At the time the mime was written, Camus was suffering from deep personal and professional wounds as a result of a public argument with Jean-Paul Sartre over the political positions taken in Camus’s book “The Rebel.” This quarrel, coupled with his faltering marriage, sent Camus into a spiral of physical illnesses and a yearlong period of creative sterility.
Whereas “Jonas” ends with the artist recovering from a fall, surrounded by his loving wife, his friend, and his children, “La Vie d’Artiste” shows the unnamed artist alone, his wife dead, his friend gone, his children having fled long ago. In the short story, Jonas is granted a reprieve—an escape from his work, however temporary it may be—while the play’s painter is given no such luxury.
Ultimately, “La Vie d’Artiste” is the more immediate, unfiltered response to the anxieties plaguing Camus at that stage in his life, while “Jonas” is the softer version that came to him with time and reflection. The short story concludes with a blank canvas “in the center of which Jonas had merely written, in very small letters, a word that could be made out, but without any certainty as to whether it should be read ‘solitary’ or ‘solidary.’ ” In the play, as the curtain slowly falls, we leave the artist beginning “to paint the dead face” of his wife.
—Ryan Bloom 

“Đời nghệ sĩ”, kịch Camus, lần đầu tiên xuất hiện trên 1 tờ báo bèo ở Algeria, Tháng Hai, 1953, nay được đưa vô ấn bản toàn bộ tác phẩm Pléiade, và được coi như là phụ lục của tuyển tập truyện ngắn Lưu Đày và Quê Nhà.

Theo GCC, Lưu Đày và Quê Nhà, chỉ nội cái tít thôi, nói lên toàn thể tác phẩm của Camus, và nó miêu tả, cực đúng, khí hậu nhân sinh, vào thời kỳ này, như 1 đối cực của nghiệt ngã toàn cầu hóa.

How is one to be a pure, authentic artist and live in a world that corrupts and destroys purity?

Làm sao 1 nghệ sĩ, thứ thật trong trắng, thật chân thực, lại có thể sống trong 1 thế giới nhơ bẩn như hiện nay?
[nguyên văn: làm thế nào, là 1 nghệ sĩ trong trắng, chân thực, và sống trong 1 thế giới làm hư ruỗng, huỷ diệt trong trắng, chân thực?]

(a)

Toi tinh viet 1 cuon tieu thuyet!
GCC

-Anh Trụ tính chi thì làm đi, cứ hẹn dịch bài này, sách nọ mà rồi chả thấy mô hết!
-Thôi để kiếp sau… sẽ dịch!

... Tới khi đọc một bài viết về L'Étranger,  cái tay nào viết bài này, cũng nhận ra, y hệt Gấu khi viết về Bếp Lửa, Hà Nội, Tâm [trái tim] khi "chiết tự" : Meursault = Mer + Soleil = Mặt Trời Địa Trung Hải: Quê hương, Bếp lửa của Camus.

Nhưng không thể nào ngờ được, Trái Tim, Tâm, Bếp Lửa...  của dân Mít, sau cùng lòi ra...  bộ mặt thực: Trái Tim Của Bóng Đen!
Bếp Lửa trong văn chương

Novel

What can the novel say that cannot be said in any other manner? This is the very radical question asked by Hermann Broch. It is answered, specifically, by a constellation of novelists so extensive and so diverse that together they offer a newer, broader, and even more literal notion of the dream of Weltliteratur, the world literature that Goethe envisioned. If, as French critic and novelist Roger Caillois said, the first half of the nineteenth century belonged to European literature, then the second half belonged to the Russians, while the first half of the twentieth century belonged to the North Americans, and the second half to the Latin Americans. Then, at the dawn of the twenty-first century, we can speak of a universal novel that encompasses Gunter Grass, Juan Goytisolo, and Jose Saramago in Europe; Susan Sontag, William Styron, and Philip Roth in North America; Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Nelida Pinion, and Mario Vargas Llosa in Latin America; Kenzaburo Oe in Japan; Anita Desai in India; Naguib Mahfouz and Tahar Ben-Jeleum in North Africa; and Nadine Gordinier, J. M.  Coetzee, and Athol Fugard in South Africa. Nigeria alone, from the “heart of darkness” of the shortsighted Eurocentric conceptions, has three great narrators: Wole Soyinka, Chinua Achebe, and Ben Okri.

What is it that unifies these great novelists beyond their respective nationalities? Two things that are essential to the novel. ... and society. Imagination and language. They answer the question of what distinguishes the novel from journalistic, scientific, political, economic, and even philosophical inquiry. They give verbal reality to that part of the world that is unwritten. And they all share the urgent fear of all authors of literature: if I don't put this word down on paper, nobody else will. If I don't utter this word, the world will fall into silence (or gossip and fury). And a word unwritten or unspoken condemns us all to die mute and discontent. Only that which is spoken is sacred; unspoken, unsacred. By saying something, the novel makes visible the invisible aspect of our reality. And it does so in a manner that is entirely unforeseeable by the realistic or psychological canons of the past. To the full (plenipotentiary) manner of Bakhtin, the novelist employs fiction like an arena in which characters appear along with language, codes of conduct, the most remote historical moments, and multiple genres, causing artificial walls to crumble, endlessly broadening the territory of human presence in history. The novel ultimately appropriates the very thing that it is not: science, journalism, philosophy ...

For this reason the novel is much more than a reflection of reality; it creates a new reality, one that did not exist before (Don Quixote, Madame Bovary, Stephen Dedalus) but without which we could not imagine reality as we know it. As such, the novel creates a new kind of time for readers. The past is rescued from the museums, and the future becomes an unattainable ideological promise. In the novel, the past becomes memory and the future, desire. Yet both occur in the now, in the present time of the reader who, by reading, remembers and desires. Today, Don Quixote will go out to fight the windmills that are giants. Today, Emma Bovary will enter the pharmacy of the apothecary Homais. Today, Leopold Bloom will live through a single June day in the city of Dublin. William Faulkner put it best when he said that time was not a continuation, it was an instant: "There was no yesterday and no tomorrow, it all is this moment."

In this light, the reflection of the past appears as the prophecy of the narrative of the future. The novelist, far more punctual than the historian, always tells us that the past has not yet ended, that the past must be invented at every hour of the day if we don't want the present to slip from our grasp. The novel expresses all the things that history either did not mention, did not remember, or suddenly stopped imagining. One example of this is found in Argentina-the Latin American country with the briefest history but the greatest writers. According to an old joke, the Mexicans descended from the Aztecs, and the Argentinians from the boats. Precisely because it is a young country, with relatively recent waves of immigration, Argentina has had to invent a history for itself, a history beyond its own, a verbal history that responds to the lonely, desperate cry of all the world's cultures: please, verbalize me.

Borges, of course, is the most fully developed example of this "other" historicity that compensates for the lack of Mayan ruins and Incan belvederes. In the face of Argentina's two horizons - the Pampa and the Atlantic-Borges responds with the total space of "The Aleph," the total time of "The Garden of the Forking Paths," and the total book in "The Library of Babel," not to mention the uncomfortable mnemotechnics of "Funes, the Memorious."

History as absence. Nothing else inspires quite so much fear. But nothing provokes a more intense response than the creative imagination. The Argentine writer Hector Libertella offers the ironic response to such a dilemma. Throw a bottle into the sea. Inside the bottle is the only proof that Magellan circumnavigated the earth: Pigafetta's diary. History is a bottle thrown into the sea.  The novel is the manuscript found inside the bottle. The remote Past meets the most immediate present when, oppressed by an abominable dictatorship, an entire disappear, to be preserved only in novels, such as those by Luisa Valenzuela of Argentina or Ariel Dorfman of Chile. Where, then, do the marvelous historical inventions of Tomas Eloy Martinez (The Peron Novel and Santa Evita) occur? In Argentina's necrophiliac political past? Or in an immediate future in which the author's humor enables the past to become the present-that is, presentableand, more than anything, legible?

I would like to believe that this mode of fictionalization fills a need felt by the modern (or postmodern, if you wish) world. After all, modernity is a limitless proposition, perpetually unfinished. What has changed, perhaps, is the perception expressed by Jean Baudrillard that "the future has arrived, everything has arrived, everything is here." This is what I mean when I speak of a new geography for the novel, a geography in which the present state of literature dwells and that cannot be understood-in England, let's say-unless one is aware of the English-language novels written by authors with multiracial and multicultural faces, who belong to the old periphery of the British Empire – i.e., the Empire Writes Back.

V S. N aipaul, an Indian from Trinidad; Breyten Breitenbach, a Dutch Boer from South Africa; but also Marie-Claire Blais, of francophone Canada, and Michael Ondaatje, a Canadian as well though via Sri Lanka. The British archipelago includes other internal and external islands: Alasdair Gray's Scotland, Bruce Chatwin's Wales, or Edna O'Brien's Ireland, all the way to Kazuo Ishiguro's Japan. There would be no North American novel to broaden the. diversity of culture, race, and gender without the African American Toni Morrison, the Cuban American Cristina Garcia, the Mexican American Sandra Cisneros, the Native American Louise Erdrich, or the Chinese American Amy Tan. They are all modern Scheherazades: each night as they tell their tales, they stave off our deaths one more day ....

Jean-Francois Lyotard tells us that the Western tradition has exhausted what he calls "the meta-narrative of liberation." But doesn't that mean, then, that the end of those "meta-narratives" of the modern Enlightenment signals the multiplication of the "multi-narratives" that have emerged out of a poly-cultural and multiracial universe that transcends the exclusive domain of Western modernity?

Perhaps Western modernity's "incredulity toward meta- narratives" is being displaced by the credibility being gained by the poly-narratives that speak on behalf of the multiple efforts for human liberation, new desires, new moral demands, and new territories of human presence throughout the world.

This "activation of differences," as Lyotard calls it, is simply another way of saying that despite the realities of globalization, our post-Cold War world (and, if Bush Jr. gets his way, a world of white-hot peace) is not moving toward one illusory and perhaps very damaging unity but rather toward a greater, healthier, though often more contentious differentiation of its peoples. I say this as a Latin American. For much of our independent existence, we were absorbed by a nationalistic preoccupation with identity-from Sarmiento to Martinez Estrada in Argentina, from Gonzalez Prada to Mariategui in Peru, from Hostos in Puerto Rico to Redo in Uruguay, from Fernando Ortiz to Lezama Lima in Cuba, from Henriquez Urena in Santo Domingo to Picon Salas in Venezuela, from Reyes to Paz in Mexico, Montalvo in Ecuador, and Cardoza Aragon in Guatemala. And this did, in fact, help give us exactly that: an identity. No Mexican has any doubt as to whether he is a Mexican, no Brazilian doubts he is a Brazilian, no Argentinian doubts he is Argentinian. This reward, however, comes with a new demand: that of moving from identity to diversity. Moral, political, religious, sexual diversity. Without respect for the diversity that is based upon identity, liberty cannot exist in Latin America.

I offer the example that is closest to me, the Indo-Afro-Latin American example, to support the argument that sees the novel as a factor in cultural diversification and multiplicity in the twentieth century. We enter the world that Max Weber heralded as "a polytheism of values." Everything-communications, economics, science, and technology but also ethnic demands, revived nationalism, the return of tribes and their idols, the coexistence between exponential progress, and the resurrection of all that we thought was dead. Variety and not monotony, diversity rather than uniformity, conflict rather than tranquility will define the culture of our century.

The novel is a reintroduction of the human being in history. In the greatest of novels, the subject is introduced to his destiny, and his destiny is the sum of his experience: fatal and free. In our time, however, the novel is a kind of calling card that represents the cultures that, far from having been drowned by the tides of globalism, have dared to affirm their existence more emphatically than ever. Negative in the terms we are all familiar with (xenophobia, aggressive nationalism, cruel primitivism, the perversion of human rights in the name of tradition, or the oppression by the father, the macho, the clan), idiosyncrasy is positive when it affirms values that are in danger of being forgotten or eliminated and that, in and of themselves, are bulwarks against the worst tribalistic instincts.

There is no novel without history. But the novel, by introducing us to history, also allows us to search the non-historical path so that we may contemplate history in a clearer light, so that we may be authentically historical. To become so immersed in history that we lose our way in its labyrinths, unable to find our way out, is to become a victim of history.

Insertion of the historical being into history. Insertion of one civilization into others. This will require a keen conscience on the part of our own tradition if our goal is to extend a welcoming hand to the traditions of others. What unites all tradition if not the need for building a new creation upon it? This is the question that new Mexican novelists like Jorge Volpi, Ignacio Padilla, and Pedro Ángel Palou resolve so brilliantly.

All novels, like all works of art, are composed simultaneously of both isolated and continuous instants. The instant is the epiphany that, with luck, every novel captures and liberates. As Joyce puts it in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, they are delicate, fugitive moments, "lightning’s of intuition" that strike "in the midst of common lives."

But they also strike us in the middle of a continuous historical event, so continuous that it has neither beginning nor ending, neither theological origin nor happy ending nor apocalyptic finale, just a declaration of the interminable multiplication of meaning that opposes the consoling unity of one single, orthodox reading of the world. "History and happiness rarely coincide," wrote Nietzsche. The novel is proof of this, and in Latin America we gain the novel of mindful warning when we lose the discourse of hope.

New novel: I speak of a still tentative but perhaps necessary step, from identity to "alternity"; from reduction to enlargement; from expulsion to inclusion; from paralysis to movement; from unity to difference; from non-contradiction to perpetual contradiction; from oblivion to memory; from the inert past to the living past; from faith in progress to criticism of the future.

These are the rhythms, the meanings of newness in narrative.... perhaps. But only with them, with all the works that liberate them, can we attain the magnificent potential for creating images that Jose Lezama Lima bestowed upon the "imaginary eras." Because if a culture is not able to create an imagination, the result will be historically indecipherable, adds the author of Paradiso.

The novelty of the novel tells us that humanity does not live in an icy abstraction of the separate, but in the warm pulse of an infernal variety that tells us: we have yet to be. We are in the process of becoming.

That voice questions us, arriving from far away but also from very deep within us. It is the voice of our own humanity revealed in the forgotten boundaries of the conscience. And it hails from multiple times and distant spaces. But it creates-with us, for us-a space where we can gather together and share our stories with one another.

Imagination and language, memory and desire-they are not only the living matter of the novel but the meeting place for our unfinished humanity as well. Literature teaches us that the greatest values of all are those that we share with others. We Latin American novelists share Italo Calvino's sentiments when he declares that literature is a model of values, capable of proposing stages of language, vision, imagination, and correlation of events. We see ourselves in William Gass when he shows us that the body and the soul of a novel are its language and imagination, not its good intentions: the conscience that the novel alters, not the con- science that the novel comforts. We identify with our great friend Milan Kundera when he reminds us that the novel is a perpetual redefinition of the human being as problem.

All of this implies that the novel must formulate itself as a constant conflict of all that has yet to be revealed, as a remembrance of all that has been forgotten, the voice of silence and wings of desire of all that has been overcome by injustice, indifference, prejudice, ignorance, hatred, and fear.

To achieve this, we must look at ourselves and the world around us as unfinished projects, permanently incomplete personalities, voices that have not yet uttered their last word. To achieve this, we must tirelessly articulate a tradition and uphold the possibility that we are men and women who not only exist in history but make history. As Kundera suggests, a world in the midst of rapid transformation invites us constantly to redefine ourselves as problematic, perhaps even enigmatic beings, never as the bearers of dogmatic answers or conclusive realities. Isn't this what best describes the novel? Politics can be dogmatic. The novel can only be enigmatic.

The novel earns the right to criticize the world by proving, firstly, its ability to criticize itself. The novel's criticism of the novel is what reveals the labor that goes into this art as well as the social dimension of the work. James Joyce in Ulysses and Julio Cortazar in Rayuela (Hopscotch) are prime examples of what I am trying to say: the novel as a criticism of itself and the manner in which it unfolds. But this is the legacy of Cervantes and the novelists of La Mancha.

The novel proposes the possibility of a verbal vision of reality that is no less real than history itself. The novel always heralds a new world, an imminent world. Because the novelist knows that after the terrible, dogmatic violence of the twentieth century, history has become a possibility; never again can it be a certainty. We think we know the world. Now, we must imagine it.

Carlos Fuentes: This I Believe. An A to Z of a Life.